What is the purpose of self-criticism and what to do about it

What is the purpose of self-criticism and what to do about it

Self-criticism is a classic playing-it-safe move.

  • What are the harsh criticisms that your mind come up with?
  • How do you handle them?
  • Do you try to replace them with positive thoughts?
  • Do you do more with your life?
  • Do you try to prove yourself that you are an okay person?

I ask all these questions to Dr. Christopher Willard, an expert on mindfulness and self-compassion.

Key Takeaways

In my conversation with Dr. Christopher Willard you will hear about:

  • The purpose or the function of self-criticism. Why do we do it?
  • The difference between self-compassion and self-esteem
  • How to handle thoughts like “harsh criticism motivates me or I don’t deserve to be kind to myself”
  • The difference between gratitude practices and toxic positivity
  • How to practice gratitude
  • What the default mode network is
  • Chris’s upcoming book on resilience
  • How to develop perspective-taking

About Dr. Christopher Willard

Dr. Christopher Willard is a psychologist and an educational consultant, specializing in mindfulness. He serves on the board of directors at the Institute for Meditation and Psychotherapy, and is the president of the Mindfulness in Education Network. He is the author of Child’s Mind (2010), Growing Up Mindful (2016), Raising Resilience (2017), and eight other books for parents, professionals, and children. He also teaches at Harvard Medical School.

self-criticism

What riding bikes and behavioral science can teach you about overthinking

What riding bikes and behavioral science can teach you about overthinking

Reading Time: 5 minutes

When covid started I was quite frustrated since the gyms were closed. 

I tried to run a couple of times but my knees quickly started to hurt.

I hiked and hiked to many new places but missed intense exercise.

I joined group classes on Youtube but I wasn’t happy about being in front of the screen for another hour.

After months of all shops, stores, and restaurants closing, a bike shop reopened.

I drove to it as fast as possible, texted my friend for his advice on which bike to get, and in less than 2 hours I drove back to my apartment with a bike in the trunk.

I should say, I drove back to my apartment with a lifesaver!

Riding a bike has been a lifesaver.

It takes me out of the house, gets my body moving, allows me to have a multi-sensory experience with what I see, smell, hear on every pedal, and makes it easier for my mind to reset. 

For the last 9 months, every Sunday, I ride 7-13 miles up a mountain.

I absolutely love to go for my Sunday bike ride. It’s one of my favorite favorite favorite activities of the week.

And as it happens with many things we love, our minds tell us all types of things about them, about us.

Here is what behavioral science and bike riding have reminded me of and taught me!

 

Lessons from behavioral science and riding my bike:

 

  • Comparison thoughts: I can’t ride as fast as others

Sunday is a popular biking day in California. Believe it or not, every single time I’m biking there is often a group of bikers or people riding alone that pass me. My mind says, “they’re so fast, I can’t ride as fast as them…”

Comparison thoughts are a given and we should expect them!

Our minds are constantly comparing ourselves to others. Our minds compare our looks, accomplishments, failures, and everything they can hold onto. 

But, you don’t live in anyone else’s head. You don’t know how much doubt and worry people around you have; you don’t know how many feelings of being an imposter shows up in other people’s minds. 

And as much as your mind shouts out comparison thoughts, you can make room for them without getting stuck in the comparison trap.

 

Here are two ACT micro-skills to put into action:

 

1. Notice those thoughts and label them

For instance, I told myself, “of course, the tricky thoughts are here, it was a matter of time they will show up.”

2. Find your rhythm based on what works for you and what’s happening in your life at that particular moment.  

When riding my bike, I wasn’t focused on riding as fast as others or taking fewer breaks. I paused when needed, sipped my vitamin water when needed, watched the beautiful scenery when it surprised me, and kept pedaling without any attachment to “how things are supposed to be or how I should ride my bike.” I just kept pedaling.

When going up the hills, I noticed the tension of my legs so that I knew when to switch gears. 

 

  • Negative predictions: I won’t ever make it to the top

When I started riding on the mountain, my eyes often looked at the curves ahead of me and my mind quickly said “you won’t make it, it’s too far, and it’s too steep.”

 

ACT Micro-skill:

Expect predictions, watch them, and do what matters.

 

  • Uncomfortable body noise: I can’t breathe

As I pedaled up the hill, my heart beat faster and faster; I had shortness of breath, hyperventilated, and there was an uncomfortable tension on my legs. Oh boy!

Those physical sensations can be so overwhelming that it makes you want to do anything to stop them. But here is the deal, our bodies make noise. That’s just how it is. The way we think of that noise, and the way that we respond to that noise, that’s what defines whether we handle it effectively or not.

 

ACT micro-skills to use:

 

  1. Watch those sensations, without resisting or pushing them away.
  2. Radically accept them.

Use an acceptance prompt: An acceptance prompt is a sweet, soft, short, and gentle way to make room for those uncomfortable reactions we experience, all of them, as they are. You can tell yourself:

    • I’m having shortness of breath and want to watch it for what it is.
    • Watch your breathing coming and going, no need to dwell on it
    • Watch your heart beating and beating, no need to do anything about it.

 

  • Decision-making: Should I keep pedaling or should I pause?

Why should I keep riding my bike? Does it matter to endure these sensations physically? Should I continue going? Should I head back?

You see, we often hear messages like “don’t stop, keep going, keep pushing” .. but for me, none of that works because I’m more invested in “flexible consistency” and “values-based moves.” 

ACT micro-skills:

    • Flexible consistency is …

About doing things in a way that is adjustable, adaptable, and changeable. Basically, it’s about creating a schedule that is context-based and not rule-based (You can listen more here)

    • A Values-based move is …

All about going back to what matters in a given moment, over and over. Doing what matters and living with meaning, doesn’t mean that we’re going to live a perfect path, but a path in which we check over and over what matters in a moment without attachments to any agenda.

In my case, riding the bike is part of self-care. When I go back to that over and over, then it doesn’t matter how fast or how slow I ride the bike, how often I paused, or when I choose to head back. I give myself permission to live my values with flexibility instead of rigidity. 

 

Some rides were harder than others, some of them were epic, but all of them were worth it. 

And most importantly, I was present in each one of them. I was doing what matters. All because of ACT skills and behavioral science!

Do you want to get unstuck from wrestling with worries, fears, anxieties, obsessions, and ineffective playing-it-safe actions?

Learn research-based skills and actionable steps to make better decisions, adjust to uncertain situations, make bold moves, and do more of what matters to you.

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Related posts

How to deal with the fear of social rejection

How to deal with the fear of social rejection

I had the pleasure to share an interview with Natasha Daniels, MFT, a mental health clinician, author, podcaster and founder of the community AT Parenting.

This is a raw and honest conversation about how Natasha navigated those fears with the added benefits of exposure and self-compassion!

Let’s be honest, sometimes, we are afraid of being rejected by people we care about and also by those we don’t even know.

Key Takeaways

In our conversation, Natasha and I talked about different playing-it-safe moves when dealing with the fear of social rejection or not fitting in with others.

social rejection

Resources

Show notes with time-stamps

01:24 Understanding Social Anxiety and Its Impact
16:01 Practical Advice on Handling Social Anxiety
24:04 Reflecting on Personal Growth and Future Steps
 

Listen Here

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Sitting with uncomfortable emotions if you don’t overthink

Sitting with uncomfortable emotions if you don’t overthink

Reading Time: 3 minutes

If you subtract overthinking for hours, what are you left with?

      • Uncomfortable emotions.
      • And a mind attempting to make sense of those feelings (I’m using emotions and feelings interchangeably).

And as much as there are hundreds of messages to fix our emotions, to understand them, to make sense of them. There are emotions to feel and there are emotions to be tossed. But to make the distinction, when dealing with overthinking rabbit holes, you need to check what are the thoughts about emotions your mind is holding onto.

I feel it; therefore, it’s true.

We all struggle to distinguish what’s happening in a moment from what our mind tells us is happening; it’s as if the feeling of the moment dictates reality. For example, if I’m taking an elevator and have shortness of breath, my mind could anticipate that being in the elevator is unsafe, that I may have a panic attack, that I may need to avoid taking elevators in the future. And just like that, he decides to avoid taking an elevator because of all those reasons my mind is giving me. It’s as if because I feel something, is true.

My uncomfortable feelings will last forever

As uncomfortable as feelings can be, they do have a life of their own: they usually last for seconds and dissipate one after another. When emotions are left alone, on average they may last 90-seconds, including the uncomfortable ones.

It’s always good to think about my feelings 

If you have watched the movie Inside Out, you may agree that every emotion is trying to convey something to us, including the uncomfortable ones. But identifying what an emotion is trying to communicate to us is very different than mulling over the emotion over and over (as I do when complaining about the water company I have to deal with).  Dwelling endlessly on our feelings can actually amplify the intensity and duration of them and that applies to all feelings.

I feel it, therefore I need to act on it

We feel what we feel, and our mind instantaneously comes up with thoughts about what to do in that situation. It is as if whatever we feel means that we have to act on. Think about this: if you’re driving in your car, you hear about a new type of virus, and if you’re prone to overthinking, then naturally, your mind will come up with what-if thoughts. Along those what-if-thoughts, you may notice your teeth clenching, your face flashing .. and then quickly your mind will push you to rehearse all different ways to handle that possibility of having that virus .. and then you’re worrying for hours in your head, attempting to solve a hypothesis. What a waste of energy!

Having a feeling doesn’t mean acting on the feeling

It’s natural to overthink and sometimes it’s necessary, but when overthinking has its own journey and takes you away from being present in your life then it’s acting as a form of avoidance. As a form of protecting yourself from sitting with those uncomfortable feelings and all the thoughts, your mind comes to about the feelings and that particular situation.

No matter how terrible the emotion is, it’s the way you think about it, that prolongs it for looooooooooong periods and if you act on those feelings, then you keep prolonging those uncomfortable emotions. Thinking about the situation over and over, dwelling on it, getting upset at us for being upset at a situation, trying to come up with a positive emotion right away, etc .. and any other thinking strategy just makes things worse for you.

As much as we would like to control our feelings, especially the uncomfortable ones, we don’t have control of them; we only have control of our behavioral responses to a given feeling.

We just don’t have control of what we feel, we feel what we feel.

And you can handle that.

 

Respond to those urges to overthink with kindness

Respond to those urges to overthink with kindness

Reading Time: 3 minutes

Every time I notice I’m getting into a rabbit hole of thinking, I tell myself, “Here is my worry-maker announcing its arrival..” and then move on with my day, just like nothing has bothered my mind ..” .. just kidding!!!!

When catching a thought that could lead me to an overthinking hole….

  • What If I cannot handle what happens?
  • If that were to happen, I would never be able to be okay with myself
  • I don’t recall exactly what I said, and now I cannot let it go. I need to know what I said.
  • I won’t make it.
  • Can’t stop thinking of the time in which I made a mistake.
  • What – if
  • It’s my responsibility to make sure things go well.
  • If I’m thinking a lot about it, it means it’s important.
  • If I don’t know all options, I cannot move forward with my decision

I noticed a recurring theme: a push to overthink, to dwell, to spend hours and hours solving this thinking problem, and with it, to play-it-safe. Who doesn’t play-it-safe? And yet, all those overthinking strategies – playing-it-safe moves as I call them – can lead us to live in our head while life passes by in front of us.

Not our fault. We’re prone to overthinking by design, because of evolution. But, when going along with those urges, then . . . we are at the mercy of our overthinking patterns.

You can get unstuck from overthinking patterns

So far, you have learned what makes overthinking worse, to recognize the types of overthinking you’re prone to, to watch your mind and its minding, to bring yourself back to the life you’re missing when engaging in overthinking patterns, and to observe those thinking patterns without getting swept away by them.

Those micro-skills help. And, you and I know that making a shift comes with urges to go back to the old behaviors, to the old ways of responding to thinking with more thinking; to the behaviors that have been reinforced hundreds of times.

Treat those urges to overthink with kindness

Acknowledge your urge for overthinking, respond to it with kindness and caring. There are hundreds of definitions of self-compassion; sometimes people think about it like flowers and butterflies. But, putting it simple self-compassion is:

  • Treating yourself with kindness, gentleness, and caring.
  • A real-time decision you make without attachment to any outcome
  • A choice you make to make room for uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, urges, and sensations.

Sometimes people decide to fight those urges to overthink.. and while those thinking responses work for a little bit, it’s a matter of time the mind comes up with another thought that pulls into a rabbit hole of thinking. We’re never going to win our minds by responding to thinking with more thinking.

But recognizing that we’re struggling, that we’re getting stuck with a pull to dwell on our thoughts and live in our head, and respond to those moments of stuckness with caring is much more courageous.

One compassionate action

When noticing the urge to overthink – whether you’re driving, eating a piece of dark chocolate, drinking a glass of scotch, or enjoying a meal with your partner – take a deep breath, adjust your posture, maybe lift up your shoulders, and then tell yourself something along the lines of “I’m struggling right now, this is hard.”

The key to practicing self-compassion is to acknowledge that you are struggling in those moments with a push to jump into overthinking land . . .  and that you make a decision to respond yourself with kindness and with gentleness.  If your mind were to be an overprotective friend of yours – so you don’t make a fool of yourself – how would you respond? Perhaps you will say things like, “easy my friend, let’s go easy with those urges .. I get it, this is hard . . . and let’s just be gentle . . . we don’t need to jump into thinking land right now . . . ”

When you learn to face those urges for overthinking with gentleness, you also learn to move from living in your head to living in the present, because you are not busy any longer, trying to control your mind or responding to thinking with more thinking.

Observe your overthinking patterns without getting swept away by them

Observe your overthinking patterns without getting swept away by them

Reading Time: 4 minutes

It’s a fact. Your mind is a maker of thoughts, a connector of thoughts, and a creator of patterns. Your mind doesn’t stop thinking and thinking. Thinking is always happening, up and down, left and right. And overthinking is what busy minds do, many times!

Here is what you can do to handle overthinking:

Observing your overthinking thoughts is a skill that can be learned.

In a study conducted by Ruiz, Luciano, Florez, Suarez-Falcon & Cardona-Betancour (2020) on repetitive negative thinking, participants were taught defusion skills,  3 sessions of 60-minutes (1st session was 9-minutes), and 5 audio recordings of 30-minutes each between sessions.

While learning and practicing different defusion exercises, participants were developing their abilities to notice triggers for worry and rumination, take distance from those thoughts, and behave according to what was important to them (values-based actions).

Results of this intervention, after a 1 and 3-month follow-up showed a clinically significant decrease in the measurements of worry measured by the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and depression, anxiety, and stress measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). No adverse effects were observed.

The research on ACT for repetitive negative thinking (Ruiz et al., 2016a, 2018a, 2019; Dereix-Calonge et al., 2019; Salazar et al., 2020) continues to show the evidence for defusion skills – observing thoughts for what they are – and the benefits from them in the long-run.

The skill of observing your overthinking thoughts

Many easter philosophies, mindfulness-based therapies along with Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) have highlighted the advantages of learning to notice and observe uncomfortable thoughts without buying into them and without struggling to eliminate them. Within ACT, there is a distinction between fusion and defusion.

Fusion refers to those moments when we take our thoughts literally, as the absolute truth, get entangled with them, and “pushed around by them.” (Harris, 2009).

Defusion was a term coined by Steve Hayes, Ph.D., co-founder of ACT,  is the skill of observing and seeing our thoughts for what they are – content from our busy minds.

When practicing defusion you learn to see that thought is not a threat to you, a command you have to go along with, may or may not be true, and is more like letters put together or pictures that your mind comes up with.

When getting into overthinking mode, all the thinking troubles you.

How to practice observing your overthinking thoughts

There are many ways to practice defusion; here are four of my favorite ones that you can practice right away.

When noticing the beginning of an overthinking pattern, try these defusion skills:

Labeling and what’s my mind up to?

Ask yourself, “What’s my mind up to?”

Then answer yourself by labeling each thought as your mind presents it:

“Now my mind is having a worry thought.”
“And now my mind is having a doubtful thought.”
“And now my mind is having an uncertain thought.”
“And now my mind is having a criticizing thought.”
Continue in this way until you’ve labeled seven to ten thoughts.

Labeling is describing a thought as something your mind produces, rather than something you are or something you do. It’s a subtle distinction, but it lies at the heart of defusion.

Instead of using statements like “Now I’m overthinking” or “Now I’m worried about,” use the phrase “Now my mind is having a worry thought.; now my mind is having a doubtful thought;

You can also say, “my mind is having the urge to know …”

Thank you, mind

Every time your mind comes up with an unpleasant thought, literally say “thank you mind.”

Here are some examples:

What I said was embarrassing. “Thank you, mind.”
I’m a mess. “Thank you, mind.”
They’re laughing at me. “Thank you, mind.”
I’m anxious. “Thank you, mind.”
I’m worried. “Thank you, mind.”

Turning your hand

Each time you catch one of those overthinking patterns starting to show up, let go of it by turning your hand over as if you’re letting go of a small stone that you’ve been carrying.

Tell yourself, “there’s a [enter the type of thought … ],” as you turn a hand and let the thought fall away.

Card-carrying

Write your most bothersome thoughts that start overthinking patterns on a 3 by 5 index card and carry it in your pocket or purse. When your mind comes up with one of these thoughts, dismiss it by saying to yourself, “I’ve got that on the card.”

The power of practice defusion intentionally

Rather than automatically following the same overthinking patterns over and over, make a conscious effort to practice defusion in favor of finding new ways of thinking better and living better.

Does defusion really work?

Here is my report: I don’t go one day without having an occasion to practice defusion – judgments about my cooking abilities, internal questions about what’s wrong with me; the lack of time to do what I really care about doing, worrying about my looks, what-if thoughts about loneliness.

Defusion has become the antidote to hours of dwelling in my head.

Even the ten to fifteen minutes of watching my mind – Vipassana meditation – sets the tone for my maker of thoughts.

Overthinking thoughts slip by with far less friction.



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