How to navigate rejection sensitivity and playing-it-safe behaviors

How to navigate rejection sensitivity and playing-it-safe behaviors

Do you find yourself anxiously anticipating rejection in everyday situations?

The fear of being rejected or judged leads to a hyper-awareness of others’ facial expressions, opinions, or anticipation of rejection. It’s like you’re expecting others will reject you and interpret a situation using those lenses. This interplay between rejection sensitivity and anxiety influences how you navigate your relationships.

Understanding the root of rejection sensitivity and its connection to anxiety is pivotal to stop playing-it-safe automatically.

In today’s episode, I interview Ozlem Ayduk, Ph.D.

We delve deeper into the psychological processes behind rejection sensitivity and anxiety. You will hear practical strategies to break free from the shackles of rejection sensitivity and anxiety.

Key Takeaways

  • Self-distancing
  • Rejection sensitivity
  • What maintains rejection sensitivity
  • The relationship between experiential avoidance and rejection sensitivity
  • How ambiguous situations are triggers for responses driven by rejection sensitivity
  • The use of self-talk 
  • Is it helpful to be highly sensitive in certain contexts? When and where? 
  • The upsides or benefits of high emotional sensitivity
  • Can someone struggle with rejection sensitivity without a history of rejection? 
  • The intersection of emotion regulation and rejection sensitivity
  • Is rejection sensitivity dysphoria different or the same as rejection sensitivity? 

About Ozlem Ayduk, Ph.D.

Ozlem Ayduk worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University for three years before heading west to California in 2002 to join the U.C. Berkeley department of psychology as an assistant professor. She became an associate professor in 2009, and a full professor in 2015. Ayduk is a co-director of the Relationship and Social Cognition Lab at U.C. Berkeley.

In addition to teaching, Ayduk has been active with professional psychology societies. She is a fellow at the Society of Experimental Social Psychology and served on its executive board (2015–2018). She is also a fellow at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, where she served on the grant review panel (2016–2017) and a three-year term on the board of directors (2018–2020).

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Resources

Resources from Dr. Z.

Show notes with time-stamps

01:00 Exploring Rejection Sensitivity: Insights and Interviews
02:03 Deep Dive into Rejection Sensitivity with Dr. Ozlem Ayduk
02:23 Year-End Reflections and Personal Growth Tools
17:49 Understanding Self-Distancing and Its Techniques
 

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Skills to steer clear of group thinking and cope with social rejection

Skills to steer clear of group thinking and cope with social rejection

  • Have you ever played-it-safe by keeping your opinions to yourself?
  • When was the last time you felt afraid of social rejection that you did not say what you really thought about a topic in fear of rocking the boat?
  • How often do you play-it-safe by placating and going along with others’ opinions so you are liked by others?

Group thinking, agreeing quickly with others, avoiding sharing our opinions, or making sure we don’t rock the boat are the many ways in which we play-it-safe when dealing with fears of rejection, not being liked, or not belonging in a group.

But how do those playing-it-safe moves work in our relationships with others and our relationship with ourselves? When is it effective to minimize interpersonal conflict, and when is it not? How and when do we examine our beliefs about how things should be? How do we avoid cognitive rigidity?

In this conversation with Dr. Todd Kashdan, Ph.D., he shares his research on persuasion, healthy dissentment, group thinking, and skills to handle conflict that go beyond assertiveness training.

Key Takeaways

  • How group thinking leads us to “underseen” or “overseen” social situations or any other matters
  • What is healthy resentment
  • Skills to handle cognitive rigidity
  • The basics of the science of persuasion
  • How intolerance of uncertainty plays a role in our thinking
  • Why people in disadvantage still support leaders that don’t favor them
  • The case of Evo Morales, the former president of Bolivia, and how group thinking created a different image of his government.

About Dr. Todd Kashdan, Ph.D.

Dr. Todd B. Kashdan is a Professor of Psychology at George Mason University. He is a leading authority on well-being, curiosity, psychological flexibility, and resilience. For over 20 years, Dr. Kashdan has been teaching college courses on the science of well-being.

Dr. Kashdan has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles and his work has been cited over 30,000 times. He is the author of several books including Curious? Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life and The Upside of Your Dark Side: Why being your whole self – not just your “good” self – drives success and fulfillment.

Dr. Kashdan received the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology and Distinguished Faculty Member of the Year at George Mason University.

Dr. Kashdan is a frequent contributor to the Harvard Business Review, New York Times, and Psychology Today. He has also been a guest on national radios and podcasts. He is a keynote speaker and a consultant for organizations as diverse as Mercedes-Benz, Prudential, General Mills, Merck, United States Department of Defense, and World Bank Group.

rejection

Resources

Resources from Dr. Z’s desk

Show notes with time-stamps

00:31 Exploring Fear-Based Struggles and Behavioral Science
01:36 Guest Spotlight: Todd Kashdan’s Insights on Persuasion and Conflict
05:31 Diving Deep into the Art of Insubordination
17:59 Applying Acceptance and Commitment Skills in Daily Life
27:05 Strategies for Persuasion and Improving Group Dynamics
 

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Key skills to manage interpersonal conflict

Key skills to manage interpersonal conflict

For too long, disagreements, or interpersonal conflicts, have evoked negative feeling, and we have been told to do our best not to rock the boat and minimize those fights. But for any relationship to survive, it is vital to manage, cultivate, and even nourish those moments of conflict. 

Being in a conversation with someone who thinks differently than us is never easy.

In this episode with Todd Kashdan, Ph.D. Todd he shares actionable tips to manage those disagreements in different contexts.

Key Takeaways

  • How to persuade others skillfully.
  • How intolerance and speed of uncertainty feed into rigid thinking.
  • The connection between persuasion skills and acceptance and commitment skills.
  • The difference between task-oriented problem solving and relationship problems.
  • What is cognitive diversity and how it plays in our group interactions.
  • How to use cognitive defusion when dealing with interpersonal difficulties.
  • Why viewpoint diversity is good.
  • How to spark curiosity, not fear.
  • How to build stronger alliances during conflict. 

About Todd Kashdan, Ph.D.

Dr. Todd B. Kashdan is a Professor of Psychology at George Mason University. He is a leading authority on well-being, curiosity, psychological flexibility and resilience. For over 20 years, Dr. Kashdan has been teaching college courses on the science of well-being.

Dr. Kashdan has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles and his work has been cited over 30,000 times. He is the author of several books including Curious? Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life, and The Upside of Your Dark Side: Why being your whole self – not just your “good” self – drives success and fulfillment.

Dr. Kashdan received the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology and Distinguished Faculty Member of the Year at George Mason University.

A frequent contributor to the Harvard Business Review, New York Times, and Psychology Today, Dr. Kashdan has also been a guest on national radio and podcasts. He is a keynote speaker and consultant for organizations as diverse as Mercedes-Benz, Prudential, General Mills, Merck, United States Department of Defense and World Bank Group.

rejection, conflict

Resources

Resources from Dr. Z’s desk:

Show notes with time-stamps

01:00 Navigating Disagreements and Conflicts
01:42 Deep Dive with Todd Kashdan: Managing Disagreements and Exploring Wellbeing
03:02 Monthly Workshops: Skills for Overcoming Fear-Based Behaviors
05:13 Conversation Continues: Strategies for Difficult Conversations and Psychological Flexibility
16:08 Exploring Cognitive Diversity and Challenging Conformity
 

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Sitting with uncomfortable emotions if you don’t overthink

Sitting with uncomfortable emotions if you don’t overthink

Reading Time: 3 minutes

If you subtract overthinking for hours, what are you left with?

      • Uncomfortable emotions.
      • And a mind attempting to make sense of those feelings (I’m using emotions and feelings interchangeably).

And as much as there are hundreds of messages to fix our emotions, to understand them, to make sense of them. There are emotions to feel and there are emotions to be tossed. But to make the distinction, when dealing with overthinking rabbit holes, you need to check what are the thoughts about emotions your mind is holding onto.

I feel it; therefore, it’s true.

We all struggle to distinguish what’s happening in a moment from what our mind tells us is happening; it’s as if the feeling of the moment dictates reality. For example, if I’m taking an elevator and have shortness of breath, my mind could anticipate that being in the elevator is unsafe, that I may have a panic attack, that I may need to avoid taking elevators in the future. And just like that, he decides to avoid taking an elevator because of all those reasons my mind is giving me. It’s as if because I feel something, is true.

My uncomfortable feelings will last forever

As uncomfortable as feelings can be, they do have a life of their own: they usually last for seconds and dissipate one after another. When emotions are left alone, on average they may last 90-seconds, including the uncomfortable ones.

It’s always good to think about my feelings 

If you have watched the movie Inside Out, you may agree that every emotion is trying to convey something to us, including the uncomfortable ones. But identifying what an emotion is trying to communicate to us is very different than mulling over the emotion over and over (as I do when complaining about the water company I have to deal with).  Dwelling endlessly on our feelings can actually amplify the intensity and duration of them and that applies to all feelings.

I feel it, therefore I need to act on it

We feel what we feel, and our mind instantaneously comes up with thoughts about what to do in that situation. It is as if whatever we feel means that we have to act on. Think about this: if you’re driving in your car, you hear about a new type of virus, and if you’re prone to overthinking, then naturally, your mind will come up with what-if thoughts. Along those what-if-thoughts, you may notice your teeth clenching, your face flashing .. and then quickly your mind will push you to rehearse all different ways to handle that possibility of having that virus .. and then you’re worrying for hours in your head, attempting to solve a hypothesis. What a waste of energy!

Having a feeling doesn’t mean acting on the feeling

It’s natural to overthink and sometimes it’s necessary, but when overthinking has its own journey and takes you away from being present in your life then it’s acting as a form of avoidance. As a form of protecting yourself from sitting with those uncomfortable feelings and all the thoughts, your mind comes to about the feelings and that particular situation.

No matter how terrible the emotion is, it’s the way you think about it, that prolongs it for looooooooooong periods and if you act on those feelings, then you keep prolonging those uncomfortable emotions. Thinking about the situation over and over, dwelling on it, getting upset at us for being upset at a situation, trying to come up with a positive emotion right away, etc .. and any other thinking strategy just makes things worse for you.

As much as we would like to control our feelings, especially the uncomfortable ones, we don’t have control of them; we only have control of our behavioral responses to a given feeling.

We just don’t have control of what we feel, we feel what we feel.

And you can handle that.

 

Respond to those urges to overthink with kindness

Respond to those urges to overthink with kindness

Reading Time: 3 minutes

Every time I notice I’m getting into a rabbit hole of thinking, I tell myself, “Here is my worry-maker announcing its arrival..” and then move on with my day, just like nothing has bothered my mind ..” .. just kidding!!!!

When catching a thought that could lead me to an overthinking hole….

  • What If I cannot handle what happens?
  • If that were to happen, I would never be able to be okay with myself
  • I don’t recall exactly what I said, and now I cannot let it go. I need to know what I said.
  • I won’t make it.
  • Can’t stop thinking of the time in which I made a mistake.
  • What – if
  • It’s my responsibility to make sure things go well.
  • If I’m thinking a lot about it, it means it’s important.
  • If I don’t know all options, I cannot move forward with my decision

I noticed a recurring theme: a push to overthink, to dwell, to spend hours and hours solving this thinking problem, and with it, to play-it-safe. Who doesn’t play-it-safe? And yet, all those overthinking strategies – playing-it-safe moves as I call them – can lead us to live in our head while life passes by in front of us.

Not our fault. We’re prone to overthinking by design, because of evolution. But, when going along with those urges, then . . . we are at the mercy of our overthinking patterns.

You can get unstuck from overthinking patterns

So far, you have learned what makes overthinking worse, to recognize the types of overthinking you’re prone to, to watch your mind and its minding, to bring yourself back to the life you’re missing when engaging in overthinking patterns, and to observe those thinking patterns without getting swept away by them.

Those micro-skills help. And, you and I know that making a shift comes with urges to go back to the old behaviors, to the old ways of responding to thinking with more thinking; to the behaviors that have been reinforced hundreds of times.

Treat those urges to overthink with kindness

Acknowledge your urge for overthinking, respond to it with kindness and caring. There are hundreds of definitions of self-compassion; sometimes people think about it like flowers and butterflies. But, putting it simple self-compassion is:

  • Treating yourself with kindness, gentleness, and caring.
  • A real-time decision you make without attachment to any outcome
  • A choice you make to make room for uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, urges, and sensations.

Sometimes people decide to fight those urges to overthink.. and while those thinking responses work for a little bit, it’s a matter of time the mind comes up with another thought that pulls into a rabbit hole of thinking. We’re never going to win our minds by responding to thinking with more thinking.

But recognizing that we’re struggling, that we’re getting stuck with a pull to dwell on our thoughts and live in our head, and respond to those moments of stuckness with caring is much more courageous.

One compassionate action

When noticing the urge to overthink – whether you’re driving, eating a piece of dark chocolate, drinking a glass of scotch, or enjoying a meal with your partner – take a deep breath, adjust your posture, maybe lift up your shoulders, and then tell yourself something along the lines of “I’m struggling right now, this is hard.”

The key to practicing self-compassion is to acknowledge that you are struggling in those moments with a push to jump into overthinking land . . .  and that you make a decision to respond yourself with kindness and with gentleness.  If your mind were to be an overprotective friend of yours – so you don’t make a fool of yourself – how would you respond? Perhaps you will say things like, “easy my friend, let’s go easy with those urges .. I get it, this is hard . . . and let’s just be gentle . . . we don’t need to jump into thinking land right now . . . ”

When you learn to face those urges for overthinking with gentleness, you also learn to move from living in your head to living in the present, because you are not busy any longer, trying to control your mind or responding to thinking with more thinking.

Come back to the life you’re missing

Come back to the life you’re missing

Reading Time: 3 minutes

“How we spend our time is how we spend our days. How we spend our days is how our life goes. How our life goes determines whether we thought it was worth living.”

– Keith Yamashita

When you wake up, your mind starts its own journey. It’s like you’re getting into a car and your mind is the driver. Sometimes it takes you exactly to your destination. Sometimes it drives really fast. Sometimes, you can’t just get out of being lost in the streets of big houses, condominiums, and golf courses in the middle of the city. Sometimes, your mind takes you to the end of a cul-de-sac where you feel all those ruminations, worries, doubts, anticipations and many other acrobatic thinking patterns that occupy your time.

  • Thinking about doing things right and perfectly
  • Thinking about all the good reasons to postpone and delay stuff
  • Thinking about how much certainty you need to move forward
  • Thinking about the worst-case scenarios
  • Thinking about past negative outcomes or past mistakes
  • Thinking about not being good enough in some way
  • Thinking about the different ways to get out of a stressful situation
  • Thinking about how you’re the only responsible person for others’ wellbeing
  • Thinking about how thinking is fundamentally important

Overthinking patterns have this automatic quality, rushing you into feelings of stress, anxiety, loss, or dread. You may get so attached to them that they seem real and push you to do things that create much more pain, such as ejecting you from your present.

Dealing with overthinking partners is like every moment you’re confronted by a “haystack-sized pile of needles.”  Each one of those patterns pushes for your attention, makes you feel in a particular way, and claims to be legitimate. They are all interesting thoughts to have; for example, did I marry the right person? Can’t stop thinking about what happened before, I need to make sense of it; what if I don’t make the right decision? 

But the consequence of all of them is that they take you away from what’s happening in front of you, who is in front of you, and what the experience of that moment is for you.

Bring yourself back to the present

  • Acknowledge the cue to overthink
    Remember an important principle: The first thought on your mind, whatever you do afterward is on you.
    Do your best to notice that cue for overthinking (e.g. did I.. I need.. what-if…).
    Don’t fight it; don’t resist it; don’t respond to it. Just say to yourself “here it is.. “ and then …
  • Connect with your body
    Notice your body posture; notice the positions of your legs; notice your back posture; notice the ebb and flow of your breathing; you can also move your arms a bit to notice their movement.
  • Connect with what’s in front of you
    Notice your surroundings: what’s around you. What do you hear? What do you see? What do you smell?
    Notice who is in front of you: is there someone in front, next to, or behind you? How do they look? What colors are they wearing? What pieces of clothing do you see? How are they talking to you? Are they speaking fast or slow? Can you see the movement of their lips?

Final quote

I leave you with this last quote:

“How we spend our day is, of course, how we spend our lives.

– Annie Dillard



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